Hi, MBeedle,

you may pass the password when protecting and unprotecting the sheet. Please try and alter your password as needed:
Sub unlockrefreshsearchsortlock()
'
' unlockrefreshsearchsortlock Macro
'

'
    ActiveSheet.Unprotect Password:="PW"
    Application.Run "'RSA Agent List - Test.xlsm'!RefreshAndSearch"
    Range("Table_owssvr_2[[RSA LastName]:[Retailer]]").Select
    ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("owssvr(1)").ListObjects("Table_owssvr_2").Sort. _
        SortFields.Clear
    ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("owssvr(1)").ListObjects("Table_owssvr_2").Sort. _
        SortFields.Add Key:=Range("Table_owssvr_2[RSA LastName]"), SortOn:= _
        xlSortOnValues, Order:=xlAscending, DataOption:=xlSortNormal
    ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("owssvr(1)").ListObjects("Table_owssvr_2").Sort. _
        SortFields.Add Key:=Range("Table_owssvr_2[RSA FirstName]"), SortOn:= _
        xlSortOnValues, Order:=xlAscending, DataOption:=xlSortNormal
    With ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("owssvr(1)").ListObjects("Table_owssvr_2").Sort
        .Header = xlYes
        .MatchCase = False
        .Orientation = xlTopToBottom
        .SortMethod = xlPinYin
        .Apply
    End With
    Range("Table_owssvr_2[[#Headers],[RSA LastName]]").Select
    ActiveSheet.Protect Password:="PW", DrawingObjects:=True, Contents:=True, Scenarios:=True
End Sub
I think the code may be worked on to simplify it a bit.

Ciao,
Holger