You might post the Applescript question over in an Applescript forum.
As for Excel... you can use VBA to rename files listed in one column to names listed in another column. You'll have to edit this, of course, but once you've entered the correct path to your pictures, this macro will rename column A filenames with the column B new names. Any filenames not found will be colored to draw your attention:
Option Explicit
Sub RenameFilesInDesktopFolder()
Dim fPATH As String, PicNames As Range, Pic As Range
'rememeber the final \ in this string
fPATH = CreateObject("WScript.Shell").specialfolders("Desktop") & "\Pictures\"
Set PicNames = ActiveSheet.Range("A:A").SpecialCells(xlConstants)
Application.DisplayAlerts = False
For Each Pic In PicNames
If Len(Dir(fPATH & Pic.Text)) > 0 Then 'does file exist?
Name fPATH & Pic.Text As fPATH & Pic.Offset(, 1).Text 'rename it
Else
Pic.Interior.ColorIndex = 3 'if not, color the cell
End If
Next Pic
End Sub
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