Is this faster?

Option Explicit

Sub Check_Box()
    Dim i As Long

    With Application
        .Calculation = xlCalculationManual
        .ScreenUpdating = False
        .EnableEvents = False
    End With

    With Sheets("Filters")
        If .Shapes("Check Box 42").ControlFormat.Value = 1 Then
            For i = 43 To 76
                .Shapes("Check Box " & i).ControlFormat.Value = True
            Next i
        Else
            For i = 43 To 76
                .Shapes("Check Box " & i).ControlFormat.Value = False
            Next i
        End If
    End With

    With Application
        .Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
        .EnableEvents = True
        .ScreenUpdating = True
    End With
End Sub