If err.number... gives expected function or variable in Excel 2016

The (changed) references are correct. 2010 is 14 object library, 2016 is the 16 object library.

The code works - that syntax hasn't changed since the introduction of VBA so the issue is something else in your code/worksheet/environment. Just to make sure:

Sub x()

 On Error GoTo er
 Err.Raise 13
 
 Exit Sub
 
er:
   MsgBox Err.Number & " " & Err.Description
   
End Sub

Pops a MsgBox saying '13 Type Mismatch'


Early or Late binding has nothing to do with this. You are not binding to anything in this case.