To have only the 1st 3 columns avalable to filter, just highlight those columns ONLY, it will give only filters on those columns, but everything will still filter

Im not sure how you would get 1 option to populate in the filter, but you could have a few different columns for each user, create a list of things they would need (1 for each user) then have a series of helper columns, again, 1 for each user. They click thier D/D (though Data validation), and below each user, a formula that will search in that row, for what they want (trturn YES/NO or 1/2) - you then filtrer on YES or 1 or whatever you decide to use

If you send me a SMALL sample workbook with what you want, I can put something together for you