There are a couple of ways to do this, both involving creating a Word object by Excel VBA, opening the Word file in this and then using Word's own VBA to make the insertions.
One way is to reference the target table directly by its index number and then cells within that table by their coordinates.
WordApp.ActiveDocument.Tables(N).Cell(M + 1, 1).Range.Text = Range("A1")
Another way is to place a distinctive piece of text in each target cell and use Word's replace functionality.
WordApp.Selection.HomeKey Unit:=wdStory
With WordApp.Selection.Find
.Text = "#XYZ123#"
.Replacement.Text = Range("A1")
End With
WordApp.Selection.Find.Execute Replace:=wdReplaceOne
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