If you could post an example spreadsheet (obviously without any real information in) then it would make it much easier to see what you're after.
As a starter for 10, however, if you had a spreadsheet with students' names in column A, starting at row 2, excused absences in column B, unexcused in column C and tardies in column D then in cell E2 you could have something like:
=MAX(0,SUM(C2:D2)-7)
Which would give you the number of infractions over 7 that student has.
If, instead, you want that column to be at 0 until the infraction count reaches 7 and then show the number you'd want something like:
=IF(SUM(C2:D2)<7,0,SUM(C2:D2))
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