No, not automatically, because worksheet names can be anything, not just numbers.

To do something like this you can use the INDIRECT function to build the reference as a string. Suppose that you want to refer to the sheet name that corresponds to the row number you are in (i.e., the link in row 10 refers to '10'!$E$23) then you could use a formula like this:

=INDIRECT("'"&ROW()&"'!$E$23")