Your formula was this

=VLOOKUP(LEFT(D1,2),$A$1:$B$4,2,2)

It's not usual to use 2 as the final argument, the options are TRUE (1) or FALSE (0). If you use 2 it behaves like 1.

When you use 1 as the final argument the lookup range (A1:A4 here) needs to be sorted ascending. As A1:A4 isn't sorted ascending the results are "odd". If you use this version instead

=VLOOKUP(LEFT(D1,2),$A$1:$B$4,2,0)

Then you'd get #N/A for your examples because you are trying to find a match for "De" or "Kr" in A1:A4 and neither of those values exist.

With my suggestion you are looking for "De*" and "Kr*" where * is a wildcard representing zero or more characters....so you do get matches for those