Extracting data from Master file to Multiple "single" country files without using VBA

Experts and Geniuses:

We have a project where we collect data for around 60 countries in a Master data file. We then design a template to fit data and do calculation for different scenarios for each country.

Objectives
1) Creating a template for each country identified by a unique code
2) Download data from a centralized database
3) Input our assumptions for scenarios

Needs:
1) We want to create a template such that, for each country, we only need to change the code at top left of 1st worksheet then all data/links to a master database will be automatically downloaded and generated. We can do this manually. See files attached.

2) Then, we would like to "highlight" any cell changes have been made by the country team. Can we do this NOT using macro? I found a piece code ("events") that can highlight the cell changed but the problem with this is that it is NOT UNDOABLE. We would like to have them "entertaint" with our input but be able to re-do and return to our initial inputs if they want to.

3) Cells have been color-coded such that "black" means "feel free or please to update these input cells"; "Red" means "formulas, please don't touch"; and "Blue" are "linked to master file". The above questions should apply to "Black" and "Blue" only. We want to "LOCKED" the "RED" so no one can change the formulas.
For "Blue" cells, is there a formula such that we can update the links by referring to "COUNTRY CODE" at the top left and "TABS" and a pathname to our master file?

Thank you very much,