Index/Match Left/Right With inconsistent string length/order

I would like to use INDEX/MATCH to look up values based on the combination of characters in a cell, but LEFT/RIGHT will not work because the length/order of characters is not consistent. Specifically:

I have a set of scores for a competition which consist of up to 3 characters:

A number (1-5), a modifier (+/-), and a category (A/B)

For example:
5+A
3-B
2-A

The number is always present, but the modifier and/or category are often omitted..

5A (no + or - in between)
2+ (no category A/B)
3 (no modifier or category)

Note that there is NOT a blank space in place of omitted characters. A score of 5 is simply 5 (not 5[space][space]). (I tried using a placeholder for omitted characters but this resulted in a LOT of data entry errors when entering many scores rapidly).

I would like to use INDEX/MATCH to look up values based on these scores in a table similar to the one below. Since the modifier and/or category may be omitted in any combination, I can't do a simple LEFT / RIGHT.

Any suggestions for how to make this happen? I'm imagine there's an obvious solution right under my nose and I'm just overthinking...

Thank you.

Score	Mod	Cat	Data1	Data2	Data3
5	+	A	44	45	57
5	+	B	54	35	67
5	+		35	67	48
5		A	54	58	67
5		B	36	67	49
5			54	68	67
5	-	A	87	75	100
5	-	B	56	64	69
5	-		35	25	48
4	+	A	27	56	40
4	+	B	48	27	61
4	+		68	59	81
4		A	67	68	80
Etc...

(This is dummy data for clarity.  The actual data is different and has 3 categories: A, B, C)