After adjusting references, I found the flaw in your formula....

This section: INDEX(RESULTS_RR!$A$3:$A$40
Should be:    INDEX(RESULTS_RR!$A$1:$A$40
So
A3: =IF(COUNTIF(RESULTS_RR!$AO$3:$AO$40,"*"&A$2)>=ROWS($3:3),
INDEX(RESULTS_RR!$A$1:$A$40,SMALL(INDEX((RIGHT(
RESULTS_RR!$AO$3:$AO$40,1)=A$2)*ROW(RESULTS_RR!$AO$3:$AO$40),0),
ROWS($3:3)+COUNTIF(RESULTS_RR!$AO$3:$AO$40,"<>*"&A$2))),"")
Copy that formula across and down.

Done, yet?