As to whether or not the displayed values in D3:D7 are times or numeric values they are times. One way to discern is to select cell D3 and see that if the format were set to general it would be a fraction.
If you would rather have numerical output then remove the /24's from the formula so that it reads:
Formula:
=IF(ISNUMBER(D$1),
MIN(SUMIFS('Example hours'!$F:$F, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, ">"&D$1-14, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, "<="&D$1-7, 'Example hours'!$A:$A, $A3), 40) +
MIN(SUMIFS('Example hours'!$F:$F, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, ">"&D$1- 7, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, "<="&D$1, 'Example hours'!$A:$A, $A3), 40),
MAX(SUMIFS('Example hours'!$F:$F, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, ">"&C$1-14, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, "<="&C$1-7, 'Example hours'!$A:$A, $A3) - 40, 0) +
MAX(SUMIFS('Example hours'!$F:$F, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, ">"&C$1-7, 'Example hours'!$B:$B, "<="&C$1, 'Example hours'!$A:$A, $A3) - 40, 0))
You'll see that the values in D3:D7 are now displayed as in S3:S7.
Let us know if you have any questions.
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