Classic use of approximate MATCH in a lookup function.
C21 =INDEX({0.5,0.2,0.2}, MATCH($C$18, {0,5000,30000}, 1))
C22 =INDEX({0.5,0.3,0.3}, MATCH($C$18, {0,5000,30000}, 1))
C23 =INDEX({"",0.5,0.3}, MATCH($C$18, {0,5000,30000}, 1))
C24 =INDEX({"","",0.2}, MATCH($C$18, {0,5000,30000}, 1))
(Then format cells as % instead of pulling raw numbers).
You could nest the INDEX and MATCH {arrays} in a separate lookup table if you wanted to get fancy with breakdown of percentages vs. payments or whatever.
Then for the text descriptors, I'd just run it off CHOOSE like so:
B21 ="Deposit"
B22 =CHOOSE(COUNT($C$20:$C$23), "Error", "Finish", "Start", "Start")
B23 =CHOOSE(COUNT($C$21:$C$24), "", "", "Finish", "Mid-Pay")
B24 =CHOOSE(COUNT($C$21:$C$24), "", "", "", "Finish")
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