What I see in your picture is not a bubble chart (a kind of XY scatter chart where the size of the circle or "bubble" is used to represent a third quantity), but more of a pie chart. Instead of slices or wedges, your picture uses a tessellation of polygons where the size of each polygon indicates the relative size of that data point.
Is this possible in Excel? I am optimistic that anything is possible in Excel with enough time, effort, and ingenuity. I expect the process will involve a tessellation algorithm that can fill a circle with different polygons and size the polygons to represent the different data values. However, such a simple problem statement can be surprisingly difficult to program. Such "packing problems" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packin...nal_containers ) tend to be more difficult to program than expected because a rigorous solution to the problem is usually NP-hard or NP-complete (like the knapsack problem, which these problems tend to reduce to).
The real question, IMO, is not whether this is possible. Rather, it is whether it is worth the effort. In minutes, I can "Select data -> Insert -> Pie chart -> format chart" or "...-> Insert -> stacked column/bar chart -> format chart" and have something that will show the data reasonably well. The difficult part is convincing myself that the fancy polygon chart in your picture shows the data better than these built in chart types to justify the extra effort needed. Even then, I would probably start searching for 3rd party charting applications that may have this functionality already built in rather than write my own.
If you feel the need to explore this possibility, I would probably start with the Wikipedia page. Follow the link in the 2D rectangle with different size rectangles section to the tutorial explaining how to optimize filling a large rectangle with smaller rectangles. Once I understood how that works, then I could explore creating this chart as filling a larger rectangle with smaller rectangles so that the size of each rectangle represents the value. Then, if I was still interested in going further, expand that to work with irregular polygons in a circle.
Let us know how you want to proceed and how we can best help you.
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