Having macros in the personal workbook is fine, I presumed incorrectly that the macros where in the file you mention.

While repairing Office can help when the program as a whole is problematic I find it unlikely to help when a specific file is an issue (and I presume other files work as expected). Usually a problematic file comes down to 1 of 2 things: It is degrading/becoming corrupt (either on its own or due to how something was done) or due to the content in the file and how it was created or manipulated.

Based on you being able to copy content out and the problem not resurfacing I am leaning towards the first, however if its an issue with content its possible you just havent copied it over yet. I still think thats the best approach, carefully copy content (using the most limited forms of selection and copy/paste) and manually recreate stuff that can easily be done (like inserting a logo image, typing in a header, etc).

As another kind of experiment, create a copy of the file the way you had when you had the problem and save the file as either an xlsb or xls, then back to xlsx again. Wait for the copy to have the issue before saving temporarily in another format. This can sometime fix underlying issues in the file as Excel needs to convert the file to a new format then back often correcting underlying issues in the structure.