Since an item may need a variable number of parts, this implies a one to many relationship which is better handled by a database than a spreadsheet. Give a shout out here:
http://www.utteraccess.com. These are the Access experts.
What you probably need is a table that has the item, another table with a list of parts (which can be used for data validation and dropdown lists - also it can contain parts prices), and a table linked to the main table that shows parts used on the item.
This should be flexible enough to get you going in whatever analysis you need.
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