VBA for Locking Column

without VBA

excel 2007 => control => worksheet protect

there you can add an password to project (some parts) of the workbook.

You need to set the Locked property of cells. This will then take affect when you protect the sheet.

If you have code manipulating locked cells you may need to remove and re-apply sheet protection in your code.

Without details we have no idea what you mean by "distorts the running vba codes"

As I said if the sheet is protected you will need to unprotect it whilst the code in running and reapply it when finished.
The macro recorder will provide code need.

toggle protection whilst running code.

Sub UnHideRow()
    
    ActiveSheet.Unprotect
    Worksheets("Grading Sheet").Rows.Hidden = False
    Sheets("Grading Sheet").Shapes("Button 1").Visible = True
    Sheets("Grading Sheet").Shapes("Button 2").Visible = False
    ActiveSheet.Protect DrawingObjects:=True, Contents:=True, Scenarios:=True

End Sub

Sub HideRow()
    Dim lLastRow As Long
    Dim lCounter As Long
    
    ActiveSheet.Unprotect
    
    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    Application.EnableEvents = False
    
    Sheets("Grading Sheet").Shapes("Button 1").Visible = False
    
    With Worksheets("Grading Sheet") 'Change to suit
    
    lLastRow = .Range("BD65536").End(xlUp).Row
    For lCounter = 14 To lLastRow
        If .Cells(lCounter, "BD").Value = 1 Then
            .Cells(lCounter, "BD").EntireRow.Hidden = True
        'Else: .Cells(lCounter, "BD").EntireRow.Hidden = False
        End If
    Next lCounter
    .Range("A14").Select
    End With
    
    Sheets("Grading Sheet").Shapes("Button 2").Visible = True
     
    Application.EnableEvents = True
    Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True

    ActiveSheet.Protect DrawingObjects:=True, Contents:=True, Scenarios:=True
    
End Sub

You also need to format the cells so that the locked property is only set for cells in J,OPQ.
Because you have merged cells you will need to select the cell range J14:134

I have not used a password on sheet protection