Counting Unique Variables WITH Exceptions

Part of your conditions are contradictory. "The function would count how many times a variable occurs only once - even if repeated" How can something only occur once and be repeated?

My best guess at what you want is as follows:

On the Result tab change the entries in column A to Blue, Red, Yellow. Enter this formula where you want the answer. (Column B?) and copy down the length of your data.

Formula:

=SUMPRODUCT(--(Info!$A$1:$A$12=A1),--(Info!$B$1:$B$12<>""))

Another way of looking at this enter this formula instead which will count all Duplicate combinations as 1 and count each unique value (up to 4) as 1.

Formula:

=IF(COUNTIFS(Info!$A$1:$A$12,A1,Info!$B$1:$B$12,"")>=1,1,0)+IF(COUNTIFS(Info!$A$1:$A$12,A1,Info!$B$1:$B$12,1)>=1,1,0)+IF(COUNTIFS(Info!$A$1:$A$12,$A$1,Info!$B$1:$B$12,2)>=1,1,0)+IF(COUNTIFS(Info!$A$1:$A$12,A1,Info!$B$1:$B$12,3)>=1,1,0)+IF(COUNTIFS(Info!$A$1:$A$12,A1,Info!$B$1:$B$12,4)>=1,1,0)