Value based on cell formatting

I have a grid that shows which departments (listed in rows) have turned in inspection forms (listed in columns). If the department has turned in a particular inspection form, I format the cell at that intersection green.If not, I format it red. I would like to assign a zero value to red cells, and a value of 1 to green cells. That way I can quickly showed the percentage of inspection forms that have been turned in based on the total number of green cells. Can this be done and, if so, how?

You should be approaching this from the opposite direction. You should be using the value of 0/1 (in your matrix) to control the formatting (Conditional Format based on 0 or 1).
(note you can use a Custom Format to not display the 0/1 if that's your preference)

Working in reverse as you are will only make your life more complicated.
Assuming the formatting is controlled manually you are looking at VBA.
Furthermore, manually altering the format of a cell is not a Volatile action - ie does not invoke any Event and as such your subsequent calculations will be open to error until a recalculation is enforced (introducing Volatility will reduce rather than remove risk of error)