T start with, you can use thos slightly shorter formula to get the week num...
=IF(B3="","",WEEKNUM(B3))

Try this ARRAY formula...
=IFERROR(INDEX(Exceptions!B:B,SMALL(IF(Exceptions!$D$3:$D$8=Report!$K$3,ROW(Exceptions!$B$3:$B$8)),ROWS($A$1:A1))),"")
...confirmed by pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER to activate the array, not just ENTER. You will know the array is active when you see curly braces { } appear around your formula. If you do not CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER you will get an error or a clearly incorrect answer.
Copy across, then copy down as needed