I need add a wildcard to find more than one instance from my table

Try

in A5

=IFERROR(INDEX($G$21:$L$34,SMALL(IF(LEFT($I$21:$I$34,7)=$E$5,ROW($A$21:$A$34)-ROW($A$21)+1,""),ROWS($A$21:$A21)),MATCH("Mass*",$G$20:$L$20,0)),"")

Enter Ctrl+Shift+Enter

copy down

Added file ....

I need to get my formula to recognize a variant of my target cell (through a wildcard most likely), but I haven't figured out what to add in to get that value.

Try this variation of JohnTopley's approach.

To address the variant I made a drop down in A4 that lists the literal headers in the source table.

Then array enter this in A5 and fill down.

Formula:

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Very close, but not able to adjust to shifting columns (which sometimes happens, see the 1st example).

I was able to adjust your formula to make it work.

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But that's massive, so set up helper cells to trim this monster down:

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Some of the "numbers" in the data are actually text. Any math operator coerces those to their numeric values. "--" called a double-unary also does this.

"--" also coerces TRUE / FALSE into their underlying numeric values 1/0.

If this is not a concern in the first argument of INDEX you can use

=IFERROR(INDEX(INDEX($G$21:$L$34,,MATCH($A$4,$G$20:$L$20,0)),SMALL(IF(--ISNUMBER(FIND($E$5,$I$21:$I$34)),ROW($J$21:$J$34)-MIN(ROW($J$21:$J$34))+1),ROWS($5:5))),"")

The ISNUMBER part returns TRUE / FALSE from the FIND function. The "--" isn't necessary there either. It's become a habit.