Is there a formula that allows you to reference the cell referred to in a UDF?

Probably some more data is needed.
Are returned values located in one row or one column (one vector) in the sheet?
If so you could use formula
=index(thiscolumn,match(UDFresult,thiscolumn,0)+1) or =index(thisrow,1,match(UDFresult,thisrow,0)+1)
if this 1 cell over is alongside vector or if in perpendicular direction you could in similar way use OFFSET

or you could change your UDF to return already required cell

Impossible to say for sure without seeing the code in your UDF.

What is the return type of your UDF?

Note that these code samples are to illustrate the concept and I have not compiled or run them. If you provide your actual code then I would work with that.

One option is to have it return a Range instead of a value, then you can use OFFSET in the worksheet to return the value one cell over.

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Then in your worksheet

=MyUDF(A1)

=OFFSET(MyUDF(A1),0,1)

Another option guaranteed to work in the general case is to write a second UDF that replicates the logic of the first but returns the next cell over. The way I would do this is to write a Private Function that returns the Range, then the UDF returns the value of that range, and your second UDF then returns the next cell over from that. This factors out the logic of the If statement into a single function, guaranteeing that the same logic is being used in both places.

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Then in your worksheet

=MyUDF(A1)

=MyOtherUDF(A1)